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- THE GULF WAR, Page 23The Dangerous Dinosaur
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- Weapons experts are quick to point out the deficiencies of
- the Scud missile. It is unwieldy and inaccurate, practically
- antique, a dinosaur compared with the sleek and precise
- Tomahawk cruise missile. But clumsiness can still be dangerous
- -- as Israel discovered when a dozen Scuds came galumphing into
- Tel Aviv and Haifa last week. Designed by the Soviets to
- deliver nuclear warheads over a short range, the Scud can miss
- its mark by as much as a mile. It is most effective against
- large cities, where the goal is not to hit a specific target
- but to terrorize the population. During the Iran-Iraq war,
- Baghdad and Tehran fired Scuds into each other's urban centers,
- killing hundreds of civilians.
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- No one outside Iraq knows for certain how many Scuds Saddam
- Hussein had in his arsenal before war broke out last week.
- Estimates run between 500 and 800. Baghdad possessed as many
- as 32 fixed launchers in silos and at least 36 mobile ones
- mounted on huge eight-wheel trucks. After the first air raids,
- most fixed launchers were destroyed, but some 15 mobile Scuds
- survived. It takes about five hours to prepare a Scud for use.
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- The 37-ft.-long Scud traces its lineage to a 1940s design
- for the V-2 rocket, which the Nazis propelled into London in
- the waning days of World War II. NATO dubbed it the SS-1A
- Scunner, code-named Scud for short. The Scud-A evolved into the
- larger and longer-range Scud-B. By the early 1980s, the Soviets
- had begun phasing out Scuds in favor of the more versatile
- SS-23 surface-to-surface missile. However, Moscow did not stop
- selling the old workhorse. As a Soviet client, Baghdad took
- deliveries of the ballistic missile and improved on its range,
- extending the Scud-B's maximum reach of 175 miles to 390 miles
- for the Al Hussein model and 540 miles for the Al Abbas.
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- Last week's attack was not Israel's first brush with Scuds.
- Toward the end of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, Egypt fired three
- Scud-Bs at targets in the Sinai and at the battlefront,
- inflicting little damage. In the ongoing conflict, however, the
- violently wayward Scud is invested with new menace by Iraq's
- chemical-warfare potential.
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- Why didn't Iraq arm its Scuds with poison gas during its
- attacks on Israel? There are several possible explanations.
- First, when Iraq waged chemical war on its own Kurdish minority
- and on Iran, the toxins used were encased in bombs and dropped
- by aircraft. Baghdad may not have mastered the science of
- equipping missiles with chemical warheads. Second, the initial
- Desert Storm air raids may have knocked out the Scuds armed
- with nerve or mustard gas, as well as possibly halting chemical
- production. Israel's threat of nuclear retaliation may also
- have muzzled those missiles. All well and good. But that leaves
- one unpleasant possibility. Perhaps Saddam Hussein still has
- poison Scuds -- and decided not to use them right away.
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